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The Basics Of An Electric Guitar

Amplified sound created by electrical currents caused by vibrating strings is the definition of the music created by an electric guitar. The first electric guitars in the 1930s consisted of electromagnetic transducers fastened to hollow-arch-top acoustic guitars. The Fender, created by Les Paul, was the original modern-day electric guitar. The Fender made its debut in the 1940s.

The Guitar's BodyMost bodies of an electric guitar are made of a solid piece of wood but some do have a semi-hollow resonance chamber. The body is the house for the pickups and controls of the guitar. Acoustic guitars vibrate their sound through a 'soundboard' on the body and thus the type of wood is important (the same is found on the right handed and left handed acoustic electric guitar). Despite soundboards not being used; the wood type used in the body of the electric guitar will determine how the instrument resonates. Denser woods, such as alder, ash, and mahogany, create a richer sound.

The Bar of the GuitarString tension variation is controlled with a metal bar attached to the bridge. This bar (also known as the Vibrato, Wang, Whammy, or Tremolo Bar) tilts the bridge back and forth.

The Guitar's Neck and FingerboardThe guitar's neck is generally constructed out of maple. The fingerboard, or fretboard, is a thin strip of either maple or rosewood that is laminated to the front of the neck. The strings run above the fingerboard and when the guitar is played, the strings are pressed towards the fingerboard to change their vibrating lengths. This is how the musician changes pitch. Fingerboards made of rosewood have a dark timbre. Maple fingerboards create a bright pitch.

The PickupsThe pickups are what makes the sound and thus they can be said to be the 'voice' of the guitar. They are made of magnets wrapped in wire. The strings vibrate when the guitar is played. These vibrations disrupt the magnetic field of the pickup. This creates an electric current that is then amplified.

There are two types of pickups:

Single CoilSingle coil pickups are brighter in sound. The biggest problem with the single coil pickup is that it tends to pick up a humming sound. The hum consists of a fundamental signal and harmonic content. All of this is due to changes in the magnetic flux of the pickup.

HumbuckerHumbuckers were designed to overcome the humming effects of the single coil pickup. Humbuckers consist of two coils and are thicker in sound. The two coils are wound reverse to each other with opposing polarity in the 6 magnetic coils. This causes any ambient sound to be 'cancelled out' before amplification. Some electric guitars types let the musician turn off one of the coils to change the guitar's 'personality.'

The Guitar StringsGuitar strings can produce various sounds based upon the combinations of alloys, windings, and gauges. Electric guitar strings are made of metal and are strung as such: high E, B, G, D, A, low E. The left handed electric guitar is strung the exact opposite.

The Guitar String AlloysBy far the most commonly used, steel strings have a brilliant tone with immense volume and incredible sustainability. Nickel plated strings are composed of stainless steel that is plated with nickel. They are subdued in tone. Nickel strings are made entirely of nickel and are the mainstay of rhythm and jazz musicians because of their less vibrant, round sound.

The String's GaugeString thickness is the string's gauge. Fast guitarists prefer thinner gauges because they are easy to bend. Pickers and strummers prefer medium gauges because they produce a considerable volume. A full-vibrant sound is produced by heavy gauged strings, but these are hard to play because they do not bend easily.

WindingStrings have 4 different types of windings: ground, flat, round, and nylon taped. Rejected by fast-players because the strings 'grab' the fingers, the most common winding is round. Fast players who want a tone that is subdued prefer flat windings (also known as ribbon winding) which have a smooth, almost oily, surface. Electric bass guitars are the only instruments that have ground windings which are round windings that have a machine polish. Those who want their electric guitar to sound like an acoustic bass guitar will want to use strings that are nylon taped. Nylon taped strings have any of the three afore mentioned windings and are coated with nylon.

When someone puts their electric guitar for sale, deciding to buy it depends on the music type you will play and how comfortable you are with the instrument. Just remember that sonic personalities of electric guitars vary because of the assortment of wood, string, and pickup combinations.

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Top 10 gifts for mountain bikers this Christmas (Bike Radar)

It's that time of year again where you'll be searching high and low for that
perfect present for the mountain biker in your life. Here we've gathered
together a selection of ideas that won't break the bank, making them perfect
gifts or stocking fillers.

Whether it's multi-tools, lights, clothing, handlebars, pumps or calendars,
there should be something for everyone in our top 10 below. If you're stumped
for ideas for roadies, check out our favourites here.

**Morvelo Stripes jersey**

New design with a riff on the stripes of the World Champion. Has three rear
pockets and a zipped key pocket.

* £50

* www.morvelo.com

**Giant Numen Aero+ lights **

Effective commuter-style lights that can be charged using a USB lead.

* £35 (front), £13 (rear)

* www.giant-bicycles.com

**Ragley Wiser alloy bar **

It’s 710mm wide with eight-degree back sweep, five-degree up sweep and in 25mm
or 38mmrise.

* £40

* www.hotlines-uk.com

**Sock Guy socks **

With so many designs there’s bound to be some thing to pull onto match your
mood.

* £10

* www.silverfish-uk.com

**Lezyne Tech Floor Drive track pump **

Stylish pump that looks like it’s worth more. Neat ...

Bike Radar

Bop Alloy - Lead The Followers (instrumental)